What is the function of the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) in a bathroom?

The function of the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) in a bathroom is primarily to provide protection against electric shocks. GFCIs are specially designed to detect imbalances in electrical current. If a ground fault is detected—meaning that electricity is leaking from the circuit, potentially through a person into the ground—the GFCI quickly interrupts the circuit to prevent serious injury. This is especially important in bathrooms where wet conditions increase the risk of electric shock.

In contrast, other options address different aspects of electrical function. Providing a higher voltage supply is not relevant to the task of a GFCI, as its role is not to alter voltage but rather to ensure safety. Preventing damage from overcurrent pertains more to circuit breakers and fuses that protect against excessive current flow, rather than ground faults. Improving energy efficiency is also outside the focus of a GFCI’s function, as this device is primarily concerned with safety rather than efficiency.